Written by: Rachel Holly
Vet Reviewed by: James Reynolds, DVM, Williamson Co. Animal Hospital
Diabetes mellitus is a growing concern among pet owners, especially in cats. Approximately 1 in every 230 cats are diagnosed with this metabolic disorder in their lifetime. Diabetes can negatively impact a cat’s quality of life but with proper management and veterinary care, many diabetic cats can enjoy happy healthy lives. Today we explore the types, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and management of diabetes to better understand how to improve the life of a diabetic cat.
Types of Diabetes in Cats
There are two forms of diabetes mellitus: Type I and Type 2.
Type I Diabetes: This is the result of a decreased insulin production by the pancreas often caused by pancreatic disease. It is a less common form of diabetes in cats.
Type 2 Diabetes: This is the more prevalent diabetes in felines making up over 85% of cases. It is characterized by insulin resistance, meaning that the body produces insulin but uses it inefficiently.
Both forms result in increased levels of glucose in the blood.
What Cats Are At Risk of Diabetes?
No cat is immune to getting diabetes but those that are obese, have poor diets, and a lack of exercise have a far greater chance of developing this disease. Cats are more likely to be diagnosed with diabetes as they age and it is seen more with male cats than females.
Symptoms of Diabetes in Cats
What Are the Symptoms of Diabetes in Cats?
Recognizing the symptoms of diabetes early can lead to better management and prevent more serious complications down the road. Common signs include:
Lethargy– You may notice your cat being less active and having little interest in playtime or anything that requires effort.
Increased Thirst and Urination– One of the hallmark signs of diabetes is excessive drinking and increased urination. As glucose levels rise in the bloodstream, the kidneys work harder to eliminate the excess sugar, leading to more frequent urination. However, this is also seen in hyperthyroidism so pay attention to other signs as well.
Increased Appetite– Because the body is unable to effectively utilize the glucose for energy, your cat may want to eat more in an attempt to satisfy its energy requirements.
Weight Loss– A noticeable drop in weight, especially if combined with an increased appetite, can indicate diabetes.
Poor Coat Condition– A diabetic cat may develop a dull or unkempt coat with thinning patches.
Diagnosis of Diabetes in Cats
Diabetes is fairly easy to get a definitive diagnosis for. Your veterinarian may perform several diagnostic tests. These typically include:
Blood Tests– The first step in diagnosing diabetes is to measure glucose levels in the blood.
Urinalysis– A urine sample can reveal glucose and ketones. The presence of glucose in the urine is usually an indicator of diabetes.
Fructosamine Test– This lesser known test measures average blood sugar levels over the previous two to three week period, providing a more detailed analysis of glucose control over time.
Treatment & Management of Diabetes
Once diagnosed, managing diabetes in cats involves a multi-faceted approach:
Insulin Therapy– Most diabetic cats will require insulin injections to help regulate their blood sugar levels. The type and dosage of insulin will depend on the individual cat’s needs, and your vet can provide guidance on how to administer these injections at home. If this sounds daunting, new products are available for oral management in felines that may be difficult to give injections to.
Dietary Changes– Nutrition plays a role in managing diabetes. A high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet can help stabilize blood sugar levels. Many pet food brands offer specialized diabetic formulas that help with managing the condition. There are also prescription diets your vet may recommend.
Weight Management– Obesity is a significant risk factor for diabetes. If a cat is overweight, a healthy weight loss plan will likely be undertaken with veterinary guidance to help get your cat’s weight in a healthier range.
Regular Monitoring– Blood glucose levels should be monitored regularly to ensure the treatment plan is effective. This may involve you learning how to do blood testing at home which your vet can teach you how to do confidently.
Exercise– Encouraging physical activity and playtime can help manage weight and is good for your cat’s overall health, both mentally and physically.
While you can’t fully prevent your cat from developing diabetes, the good news is that many of the risk factors mentioned earlier are lifestyle-influenced which you have some control over- weight management, exercise, and diet. By controlling these factors you can reduce the chances of your cat becoming diabetic. Still if your cat does develop diabetes, know it is a manageable condition with the right approach. New advancements such as oral medications are becoming available to feline patient. It is not a treat-it-yourself disease. Continued management in cooperation with your vet can mean your diabetic cats can live a long happy life.
